metropolitan city and urban regeneration.
act on the physical city, economic and social
Carla Maione
Because the construction of the metropolitan city is not reduced to the creation of a supra-party bureaucratic in nature, without any real impact on the development of the area and quality urban, but instead set in motion a project to build a true virtuoso "new city" which can act as a directional pole in the heart of the Mediterranean, we need to respond effectively the objective of urban regeneration - that the policies of urban development / territorial aimed at improving quality of life through better urban public space - and act on the territory after having investigated the social aspect, that is putting at the forefront of our actions, the centrality of each individual, and then combining areas; PLANNING with those of social action.
should then a reflection on the actors and to be involved, programming and planning tools as appropriate, without neglecting ex ante what will be the most convenient practices in given situations, to fully implementing the objectives of the programming and planning. By adopting certain practices - how to define (re-define, re-think, plan and re-design) the best strategies and tools - , rather than other, more suitable to other companies rather than those in which we operate, it should be analyzed the implementation processes through the study and evaluation of significant cases, the acquiring mode most innovative tools oriented to the development of a polycentric metropolitan city like that of Reggio Calabria.
If one aims, in particular, to act in a metropolitan city through urban regeneration, necessary, by a consolidated methodology, the examination of case studies to prepare themselves significant, and if possible to their monitoring, examining similarities and differences in definition and implementation of this particular type of urban policies, with respect to the range of choices among those applying in metropolitan contexts. While remaining firmly anchored to the specificities of local contexts, is possibile da esperienze diverse, consolidate e verificate in Italia ed all’estero, comparare le caratteristiche dei diversi strumenti finalizzati alla rigenerazione urbana, di valutarne divergenze e/o convergenze.
Rivolgendo lo sguardo ad un passato non lontano, negli ultimi trenta anni numerosi governi locali e nazionali hanno riconosciuto l’importanza della connessione tra cultura ed economia cercando di sviluppare politiche per rafforzare tali legami ed incrementare i benefici che ne derivano. Numerose città europee si sono quindi impegnate nello sviluppo di politiche urbane nel tentativo di promuoversi come città creative, e nel pianificare quartieri e distretti culturali e commerciali. Lo scopo is to stimulate local economic development by supporting and promoting small local cultural industries.
So, we are witnessing the development of infrastructure and services for cultural production and planning of cultural districts that are trying to find the city with their traditional role as places of social life, of 'accessibility to services , activities, culture, combating social and environmental degradation that has reduced or even canceled these opportunities.
Recall that since the seventies, and especially in European and international context, policies urbane, commerciali e culturali iniziano ad assumere una maggiore rilevanza nelle strategie urbane, sempre meno fondate su rigidi strumenti di piano, ma sulla partecipazione, sull’equità sociale, e più in generale sulla democratizzazione dello spazio urbano come specchio/contenitore di rinascita della “vita pubblica” urbana.
A partire dalla svolta degli anni Ottanta si affermano approcci che esaltano il contributo potenziale della politica culturale nella rigenerazione, urbana economica e fisica, e dalla seconda metà degli anni Novanta tale convergenza tra cultura ed economia, nelle politiche urbane, si è maggiormente accentuata, e lo studio and the debate about the relationship between city and territory, culture, creativity and economic development has intensified with the statement of the theories of "creative city" and the "creative class", and "cultural districts".
This process has been encouraged by national policies of decentralization of powers, the need to adapt to economic and social changes caused by economic restructuring of the seventies and early eighties, the subsequent cuts in public spending, both locally and nationally. Today, the attempt to encourage sponsorship from the private sector, to monitor more effectively the local cultural resources and to improve administration, management and marketing of cultural products and services.
During a study trip in Europe, investigating the theme of the relationship metropolisation / regeneration, particularly in the case of the city of Copenhagen, referring to the 70s and 90s, to the early years of the new millennium, I wondered what could be the key PROVISIONS of an urban policy at Community level, adaptable to our context, I was able to verify the feasibility of a range of assumptions regarding possible means of urban regeneration, finding answers adeguate su come va pensato e progettato, e come va rivitalizzato un intero contesto urbano/metropolitano.
Riflettendo sull’oggi, e su una possibile prospettiva futura, un processo di rigenerazione urbana, può attivare benefici materiali per l’economia e per l’intera società, un miglioramento della qualità della vita e dello spazio pubblico urbano – direttamente o indirettamente –, attraverso la creazione di un fertile sostrato sociale e culturale, capace di generare e rigenerare il milieu creativo urbano.
In Italia, e nel Mezzogiorno in particolare, attorno al tema della qualità urbana and sustainable development were identified overall goals that put some urgency. The reorganization of the metropolitan areas of the South, for example, is identified as an inescapable urgency that is reflected in the critical conditions of particular cultural, socio-economic infrastructure in metropolitan areas and southern part of the overall urban structure of the country.
Another emergency identified above for urban systems in the South is the need to create and strengthen networks of medium and medium-sized cities and to connect them with the more established urban systems. In this case policies should encourage network delle realtà più dinamiche, attraverso il potenziamento delle relazioni funzionali a partire dal riconoscimento delle vocazioni e delle identità locali fino ad arrivare al potenziamento delle responsabilità sociali attraverso l’utilizzo delle opportunità offerte dalla dimensione culturale dello sviluppo capace di produrre scenari di culture-based empowerment. Ed il processo di costruzione metropolitana reggina, che deve puntare ad una polarizzazione urbana attorno ai centri maggiori come poli territoriali, deve tenerne conto.
Vorrei concludere con alcune considerazioni inerenti l’applicazione di politiche di rigenerazione urbana in un contesto come quello dell’area metropolitana di Reggio Calabria and its neighboring municipalities (cities not only because orbiting satellites / orbiting within the neo Reggio metropolitan area, but to consider, while respecting the identity and history, an integral part of it): complex issue, because it is complex the object towards which they direct actions, and this is a great time to find unity within our culture that integrates policy choices, social and urban planning.
But what are the cultural conditions and assumptions to be taken?
policies of urban regeneration can have a dual role in determining della trasformazione della città metropolitana: da una parte essere strumento d’intervento in grado di garantire l’esito dell’intervento stesso, a seguito di un insieme di decisioni, dall’altro, strumento di conoscenza, riferito alla trasformabilità di un luogo.
All’interno di un’area metropolitana e/o città metropolitana (Reggio inclusa), una pluralità di nodi e poli attendono di essere riconosciuti e reinterpretati: ogni elemento, ogni singolo punto di questo intero mosaico richiede una differente metodologia di intervento di trasformazione che solo un adeguato disegno d’insieme policentrico può garantire.
is indispensable today, not only to consider the specificity of places, the permanence of settlement structures, respect the different quality of fabrics and urbanized, enhance local cultures, but to reinterpret the procedures for training and development of different parts of area, enhancing the potential infrastructure with nodes and networks and intentional aesthetic, tradition, culture, identity and respecting the needs of the community.
Considering, for example, the actions implemented to address the issues of great social unrest, present in some neighborhoods, it includes how to restore buildings and the surrounding environment is only the starting point: important element is the participation of the inhabitants, both in the planning phase in the implementation of the interventions. Only through the active involvement and participation of citizens is in fact possible to implement real change, through natural regeneration, even that of their experiences of exclusion and hardship, provided that, starting from their perceptions, usually negative and defeatist, it provides recognition of their knowledge, skills and knowledge.
Reiterating within large areas, and metropolitan area is among them, the centrality of the territory, read the tracks to reinterpret the features, forms sedimented over time, not to underestimate the other dimensions of economic, social, functional and policies but rather to recognize the severe constraints (choices) that policies aimed primarily the physical territoriality has exercised and still exercises on the same social and economic relations, while on the contrary it is not only the action "physical", but an intense action of "social promotion" in public areas and networks by identifying the signs of change, in ways of living and use the land.
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